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Dictionary of Law |
Founded: 2328 capital gains :: n. the difference between the sales price and the ... so: basis delayed exchange exchange capitalization :: n. 1) the act of counting anticipated earnings and ... for conversion into capital assets. capital investment :: capital expenditure ... capital expenditure capital account :: n. the record which lists all basic assets of a bu ... or the alleged value of good will. capital expenditure :: n. payment by a business for basic assets such as ... y intended to improve productivity. capital punishment :: n. execution (death) for a capital offense. The U. ... or death. See also: capital offense stock in trade :: n. the inventory of merchandise held for sale. ... ntory of merchandise held for sale. trader :: in U.S. income tax law, a person who deals in prop ... ultation with a C.P.A. or attorney. capital offense :: n. any criminal charge which is punishable by the ... . See also: bail capital punishment restraint of trade :: n. in antitrust law, any activity (including agree ... also: antitrust laws monopoly trust letters of administration :: n. a document issued by the court clerk which stat ... estate. See also: executor probate kidnapping :: (also spelled kidnaping) n. the taking of a person ... but now applies to adults as well. indictment :: n. a charge of a felony (serious crime) voted by a ... ictable offense preliminary hearing in kind :: adj. referring to payment, distribution or substit ... . See also: distribution trust will corporation :: n. an organization formed with state governmental ... ation public corporation securities winding up :: n. liquidating the assets of a corporation or part ... ration cy pres doctrine partnership preferred stock :: n. a class of shares of stock in a corporation whi ... on stock corporation dividend stock promotional stock :: n. stock issued in a newly formed corporation and ... assets or money. See also: promoter capitalized value :: n. anticipated earnings which are discounted (give ... as favorably as expected or hoped. inter vivos trust :: n. a trust created by a writing (declaration of tr ... nter vivos testamentary trust trust securities :: n. generic term for shares of stock, bonds and deb ... ee also: bond debenture share stock intestacy :: n. the condition of having died without a valid wi ... e. See also: intestate probate will insolvency :: n. 1) the condition of having more debts (liabilit ... the property. See also: bankruptcy special administrator :: n. a person appointed by the court in a probate pr ... or administrator. See also: probate living trust :: n. sometimes called an inter vivos (Latin for "wit ... thrift clause trust trustee trustor bankruptcy proceedings :: n. the bankruptcy procedure is: a) filing a petiti ... ankruptcy court claim in bankruptcy joint tenancy :: n. a crucial relationship in the ownership of real ... ty property tenancy in common title paid into court :: adj. referring to money deposited with the clerk o ... differences. See also: interpleader interest :: n. 1) any and all, partial or total right to prope ... nal property real property standing injunction :: n. a writ (order) issued by a court ordering someo ... t. See also: injunctive relief writ holder in due course :: n. one holding a check or promissory note, receive ... note. See also: bona fide purchaser revenue ruling :: n. a published opinion of the Internal Revenue Ser ... evenue ruling. See also: income tax survivorship :: n. the right to receive full title or ownership du ... onvenience. See also: joint tenancy charitable remainder trust (Charitable Remainder Irrevocable Unitrust) :: n. a form of trust in which the donor (trustor or ... ed up or committed. See also: trust claim in bankruptcy :: n. the written claim filed by persons or businesse ... : bankruptcy bankruptcy proceedings beneficial interest :: n. the right of a party to some profit, distributi ... benefits. See also: contract trust tontine :: n. a rare agreement among several persons who agre ... e the remaining assets and profits. ancillary administration :: n. administration of an estate's assets in another ... or "subordinate." See also: probate discharge in bankruptcy :: n. an order given by the bankruptcy judge, at the ... red creditors. See also: bankruptcy churning :: n. the unethical and usually illegal practice of e ... f obtaining high sales commissions. treasury stock :: n. stock of a private corporation which was issued ... be entitled. See also: share stock unissued stock :: n. a corporation's shares of stock which are autho ... poration share stock treasury stock stock option :: n. the right to purchase stock in the future at a ... hares. See also: option share stock stock certificate :: n. printed document which states the name, incorpo ... . See also: corporation share stock stock :: 1) n. inventory (goods) of a business meant for sa ... siness. See also: share shareholder voting trust :: n. a trust which solicits vote proxies of sharehol ... ation proxy shareholder stockholder watered stock :: n. shares of stock of a corporation which have bee ... . See also: corporation share stock decriminalization :: n. the repeal or amendment of statutes which made ... gh clinics and other legal sources. confusingly similar :: adj. in the law of trademarks, when a trademark, l ... a of the other. See also: trademark adjusted basis :: n. in accounting, the original cost of an asset ad ... s taxes. See also: basis income tax infringement :: n. 1) a trespassing or illegal entering. 2) in the ... patent plagiarism royalty trademark interstate commerce :: n. commercial trade, business, movement of goods o ... and the I.C.C. may soon be history. self-dealing :: n. in the stock market, using secret "inside" info ... ederal Securities and Exchange Act. meeting of the minds :: n. when two parties to an agreement (contract) bot ... eant his cattle. See also: contract eminent domain :: n. the power of a governmental entity (federal, st ... ngs. See also: condemn condemnation common stock :: n. stock in a corporation in which dividends (payo ... oration preferred stock share stock articles of incorporation :: n. the basic charter of a corporation which spells ... year's taxes. See also: corporation wind up :: v. to liquidate (sell or dispose of) assets of a c ... r partnership. See also: winding up undue influence :: n. the amount of pressure which one uses to force ... ounder. See also: will will contest holding company :: n. a company, usually a corporation, which is crea ... gement and policies of all of them. income :: n. money, goods or other economic benefit received ... ernment and most state governments. intangible property :: n. items such as stock in a company which represen ... t are not actual, tangible objects. insider trading :: n. the use of confidential information about a bus ... o catch insiders. See also: insider insider :: n. someone who has a position in a business or sto ... ange Act. See also: insider trading incorporate :: v. 1) to obtain an official charter or articles of ... te by reference incorporation stock trustee in bankruptcy :: n. a person appointed by a bankruptcy court to sup ... f the debtors. See also: bankruptcy no-par stock :: n. shares in a corporation which are issued withou ... re stated on the stock certificate. accounts receivable :: n. the amounts of money due or owed to a business ... sidering the chances of collection. trade secret :: n. a process, method, plan, formula or other infor ... e invention. See also: patent trade standing :: n. the right to file a lawsuit or file a petition ... so: actual controversy jurisdiction commingling :: n. the act of mixing the funds belonging to one pa ... rust accounts for funds of another. account stated :: n. a statement between a creditor or the person to ... ending on the state. See also: debt debenture :: n. a form of bond certificate issued by a corporat ... n shares of stock or general bonds. trade fixture :: n. a piece of equipment on or attached to the real ... uch damage. See also: fixture trade trade :: 1) n. a business or occupation for profit, particu ... rade fixture trade secret trademark conflict of interest :: n. a situation in which a person has a duty to mor ... a position adverse to the customer. book account :: n. an account of a customer kept in a business led ... or a debt. See also: account stated exemplary damages :: n. often called punitive damages, these are damage ... See also: damages punitive damages basis :: n. the original cost of an asset to be used to det ... ssistance. See also: adjusted basis exchange :: 1) v. to trade or barter property, goods and/or se ... ins tax. See also: delayed exchange goodwill :: n. the benefit of a business having a good reputat ... an unknowing buyer. See also: sale expense :: n. in business accounting and business taxation, a ... ment. See also: capital expenditure trademark :: n. a distinctive design, picture, emblem, logo or ... ing trademark. See also: trade name trade name :: n. a name of a business or one of its products whi ... t is different. See also: trademark disinherit :: v. to intentionally take actions to guarantee that ... rorem clause pretermitted heir will inchoate :: adj. or adv. referring to something which has begu ... ract which has not been formalized. incest :: n. sexual intercourse between close blood relative ... ily genes carrying such weaknesses. incapacity :: adj. 1) not being able to perform any gainful empl ... of the will. See also: incompetent incompetency :: n. the condition of lacking the ability to handle ... and/or represented by an attorney. incompetent evidence :: n. testimony, documents or things which one side a ... ns. See also: incompetent objection incontrovertible evidence :: n. evidence introduced to prove a fact in a trial ... erson is not the parent of a child. incompetent :: adj. 1) referring to a person who is not able to m ... n incompetency incompetent evidence incompatible :: adj. 1) inconsistent. 2) unmatching. 3) unable to ... ch other. See also: incompatibility income tax :: n. a tax on an individual's net income, after dedu ... al government. See also: income tax incompatibility :: n. the state of a marriage in which the spouses no ... mpatible irreconcilable differences incidental beneficiary :: n. someone who obtains a benefit as the result of ... parent. See also: beneficiary trust in re :: prep. short for "in regard to" or concerning. Ofte ... e Adoption of Marcus McGillicuddy." in camera :: adj. or adv. phrase. Latin for "in chambers." This ... he courtroom. See also: in chambers in absentia :: (in ab-sensh-ee-ah) adj. or adv. phrase. Latin for ... tin Bormann, Hitler's closest aide. in chambers :: adj. referring to discussions or hearings held in ... ed "in camera." See also: in camera in extremis :: (in ex-tree-miss) adj. from Latin, facing imminent ... from Latin, facing imminent death. in fee simple :: adj. referring to holding clear title to real prop ... property. See also: fee fee simple implied covenant of good faith and fair dealing :: n. a general assumption of the law of contracts, t ... -long employment. See also: implied impaneling :: n. the act of selecting a jury from the list of po ... e juror jury panel venire voir dire gross income :: n. in calculating income tax, the income of an ind ... in net income. See also: income tax habitual criminal :: n. under the statutes of many states, a person who ... r any further criminal convictions. hearing :: n. any proceeding before a judge or other magistra ... e hearing preliminary hearing trial holding :: 1) n. any ruling or decision of a court. 2) n. any ... 4) v. keeping in one's possession. wrongful termination :: n. a right of an employee to sue his/her employer ... ing an employee's grounds for suit. in haec verba :: (in hike verb-ah)prep. Latin for "in these words," ... ading. See also: complaint pleading in pro per :: adj. short for in propria persona. See also: in pr ... rsona. See also: in propria persona in propria persona :: adj. from Latin "for one's self," acting on one's ... client and an ass for an attorney." in rem :: adj. from Latin "against or about a thing," referr ... cular person. See also: in personam in terrorem clause :: (in tehr-roar-em)n. from Latin for "in fear," a pr ... e gift. See also: will will contest in personam :: adj. (in purr-soh-nam) from Latin for "directed to ... here. See also: in rem jurisdiction in perpetuity :: adj. forever, as in one's right to keep the profit ... rofits from the land in perpetuity. in lieu :: prep. instead. "In lieu taxes" are use taxes paid ... go through the foreclosure process. in limine :: (in lim-in-ay) from Latin for "at the threshold," ... otion. See also: motion to suppress in loco parentis :: prep. (in loh-coh pah-rent-iss) Latin for "instead ... 5, if and when he needs legal help. in pari delicto :: adv. (in pah-ree dee-lick-toe) Latin for "in equal ... e proof is that both were involved. in toto :: (in toe-toe)adj. Latin for "completely" or "in tot ... r "the case was dismissed in toto." incorporeal :: adj. referring to a thing which is not physical, s ... his is distinguished from tangible. insanity :: n. mental illness of such a severe nature that a p ... M'Naughten rule temporary insanity insanity defense :: n. the claim of a defendant in a criminal prosecut ... e also: insanity temporary insanity insertion :: n. the addition of language at a place within an e ... t unless initialled by all parties. inspection of documents :: n. the right to examine and copy the opposing part ... evidence subpena duces tecum trial inquest :: n. 1) an investigation and/or a hearing held by th ... surrogate judge. See also: coroner innuendo :: n. from Latin innuere, "to nod toward." In law it ... See also: defamation libel slander inheritance :: n. whatever one receives upon the death of a relat ... intestacy intestate succession will injunctive relief :: n. a court-ordered act or prohibition against an a ... t injunction restraining order writ injury :: n. any harm done to a person by the acts or omissi ... nction injunctive relief negligence innocent :: adj. without guilt (not guilty). Usually the plea ... also: arraignment plea plea bargain installment contract :: n. an agreement in which payments of money, delive ... n contract failure of consideration instruction :: n. an explanation of the law governing a case whic ... fore the jury begins deliberations. integration :: n. 1) adopting a writing as part of an agreement, ... , as well as racial mix in schools. intent :: n. mental desire and will to act in a particular w ... ess homicide or other lesser crime. inter alia :: (in-tur eh-lee-ah) prep. Latin for "among other th ... ime to file the action had passed." inter se :: (in-tur say)prep. Latin for "among themselves," me ... or only to the trustees as a group. insurer :: n. an insurance company which agrees to pay someon ... lled a premium. See also: insurance insured :: n. 1) the person or entity who will be compensated ... s go to others. See also: insurance instrument :: n. 1) a written legal document such as a contract, ... in an assault (a blunt instrument). insufficient evidence :: n. a finding (decision) by a trial judge or an app ... l court. See also: evidence finding insurance :: n. a contract (insurance policy) in which the insu ... t clause Workers' Compensation Acts inherit :: v. to receive all or a portion of the estate of an ... intestacy intestate succession will ingress :: 1) n. entrance. 2) n. the right to enter. 3) v. th ... property. See also: easement egress indemnity :: n. the act of making someone "whole" (give equal t ... or will occur. See also: indemnify indenture :: n. a type of real property deed in which two parti ... bind a person to work for another. independent contractor :: n. a person or business which performs services fo ... ue independence. See also: employee indeterminate sentence :: n. the prison term imposed after conviction for a ... w in the future. See also: sentence indemnify :: v. to guarantee against any loss which another mig ... r harmless. See also: hold harmless indefeasible :: adj. cannot be altered or voided, usually in refer ... ce to an interest in real property. incorporation :: n. the act of incorporating an organization. See a ... . See also: corporation incorporate grantor-grantee index :: n. a set of books and/or computerized lists found ... ument in tracking a chain of title. incriminate :: v. to make a statement in which one admits that he ... d to information which would be so. indecent exposure :: n. the crime of displaying one's genitalia to one ... d give the exposer a sexual charge. indicia :: n. (in-dish-yah) from Latin for "signs," circumsta ... . See also: circumstantial evidence indictable offense :: n. a crime (offense) for which a Grand Jury rules ... o commit them. See also: indictment information and belief :: n. a phrase often used in legal pleadings (complai ... nswer complaint declaration perjury informed consent :: n. agreement to do something or to allow something ... . See also: consent Miranda warning infra :: prep. Latin for "below," this is legal shorthand t ... e document. See also: citation cite vested remainder :: n. the absolute right to receive title after a pre ... pass to him. See also: vest vested information :: n. an accusation or criminal charge brought by the ... Jury indictment preliminary hearing inference :: n. a rule of logic applied to evidence in a trial, ... . See also: circumstantial evidence indigent :: 1) n. a person so poor and needy that he/she canno ... person who is very poor and needy. indispensable party :: n. a person or entity which must be included in a ... tion to join Olivia as a defendant. infancy :: n. although the popular use of the word means the ... nority. See also: ad litem minority incorporate by reference :: v. to include language from another document or el ... uses of Action hereinabove stated." future interest :: n. a right to receive either real property or pers ... maturity (age 18) or upon marriage. continuing objection :: n. an objection to certain questions or testimony ... ional distress. See also: objection controlling law :: n. the laws of the state which will be relied upon ... will be that of a particular state. cooperative housing :: n. an arrangement in which an association or corpo ... common area condominium cooperative corroborating evidence :: n. evidence which strengthens, adds to, or confirm ... confirms already existing evidence. continuance :: n. a postponement of a date of a trial, hearing or ... continuances to discourage delays. contingent remainder :: n. an interest, particularly in real estate proper ... contingent interest future interest contingent :: adj. possible, but not certain. See also: continge ... contingent fee contingent interest contingent beneficiary :: n. a person or entity named to receive a gift unde ... lso: contingent contingent interest contingent fee :: n. a fee to a lawyer which will be due and payable ... epend on the outcome are unethical. contingent interest :: n. an interest in real property which, according t ... ontingent remainder future interest crime against nature :: n. an oldfashioned term for sodomy (anal sexual in ... states. See also: bestiality sodomy criminal :: 1) n. a popular term for anyone who has committed ... so: convict felon habitual criminal cumulative voting :: n. in corporations, a system of voting by sharehol ... eholders with 1,001 or more shares. cy pres doctrine :: n. (see-pray doctrine) from French, meaning "as cl ... ey among several S.P.C.A. chapters. day in court :: n. popular term for everyone's opportunity to brin ... rt to protest his speeding ticket." de minimis :: adj. (dee-minnie-miss) Latin for "of minimum impor ... deal, a $10 mistake is de minimis. cross-examination :: n. the opportunity for the attorney (or an unrepre ... examination testimony trial witness cross-complaint :: n. after a complaint has been filed against a defe ... g prayer service of process summons criminal attorney :: n. a popular term for an attorney who specializes ... . See also: crime felon misdemeanor criminal calendar :: n. the list of criminal cases to be called in cour ... e plea preliminary hearing sentence criminal justice :: n. a generic term for the procedure by which crimi ... endered and punishment carried out. criminal law :: n. those statutes dealing with crimes against the ... See also: crime felony misdemeanor zoning :: n. a system of developing a city or county plan in ... овской гарантии . |