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Dictionary of Law |
demurrer :: legal definitionDemurrer - n. (dee-muhr-ur) a written response to a complaint filed in a lawsuit which, in effect, pleads for dismissal on the point that even if the facts alleged in the complaint were true, there is no legal basis for a lawsuit. A hearing before a judge (on the law and motion calendar) will then be held to determine the validity of the demurrer. Some causes of action may be defeated by a demurrer while others may survive. Some demurrers contend that the complaint is unclear or omits an essential element of fact. If the judge finds these errors, he/she will usually sustain the demurrer (state it is valid), but "with leave to amend" in order to allow changes to make the original complaint good. An amendment to the complaint cannot always overcome a demurrer, as in a case filed after the time allowed by law to bring a suit. If after amendment the complaint is still not legally good, a demurrer will be granted sustained. In rare occasions, a demurrer can be used to attack an answer to a complaint. Some states have substituted a motion to dismiss for failure to state a cause of action for the demurrer. See also: motion pleading and Related Law Terms ↓ Related Law Termsabuse of discretion :: n. a polite way of saying a trial judge has made s ... partner's realistic ability to pay.abuse of process :: n. the use of legal process by illegal, malicious, ... ly correct the error and apologize. acceptance of service :: n. agreement by a defendant (or his/her attorney) ... o accept service. See also: service actionable :: adj. when enough facts or circumstances exist to m ... ction lawsuit malicious prosecution actual controversy :: n. a true legal dispute which leads to a genuine l ... al outcome. See also: friendly suit ad litem :: adj. legal Latin meaning "for the purposes of the ... of age. See also: guardian ad litem administrative law :: n. the procedures created by administrative agenci ... judge Administrative Procedure Act admit :: v. 1) to state something is true in answering a co ... tted." See also: admission evidence adultery :: n. consensual sexual relations when one of the par ... s and grist for scandal newspapers. advisory opinion :: n. an opinion stated by a judge or a court upon th ... o: actual controversy friendly suit affirmative defense :: n. part of an answer to a charge or complaint in w ... lp the defendant. See also: defense amend :: v. to alter or change by adding, subtracting, or s ... mended pleading statute stipulation amended complaint :: n. what results when the party suing (plaintiff or ... cause of action complaint demurrer amended pleading :: n. a changed written pleading in a lawsuit, includ ... o: amend amended complaint demurrer American Bar Association :: n. the largest organization of American lawyers, w ... go, IL 60611; tel.: (312) 988-5522. answer :: n. in law, a written pleading filed by a defendant ... emurrer general denial verification antitrust laws :: n. acts adopted by Congress to outlaw or restrict ... so: price fixing restraint of trade appeal :: 1) v. to ask a higher court to reverse the decisio ... ng, as in "he has filed an appeal." arrest :: v. 1) to take or hold a suspected criminal with le ... anda warning probable cause warrant attorney :: n. 1) an agent or someone authorized to act for an ... ialize. See also: court reciprocity Attorney General :: n. in each state and the federal government the hi ... izenry. See also: Solicitor General bankruptcy :: n. a federal system of statutes and courts which p ... y proceedings trustee in bankruptcy bar examination :: n. the examination given in each state by either t ... n that district. See also: attorney Bill of Rights :: n. the first ten amendments to the federal Constit ... ved to the states or to the people. brief :: 1) n. a written legal argument, usually in a forma ... another person. See also: precedent but for rule :: n. one of several tests to determine if a defendan ... e damage. See also: proximate cause cause of action :: n. the basis of a lawsuit founded on legal grounds ... property. See also: element lawsuit challenge :: n. the right of each attorney in a jury trial to r ... ess. See also: peremptory challenge challenge for cause :: n. a request that a prospective juror be dismissed ... remptory challenge venire voir dire child custody :: n. a court's determination of which parent, relati ... pport custody divorce joint custody citation :: n. 1) a notice to appear in court due to the proba ... se is not in point." See also: cite civil :: adj. 1) that part of the law that encompasses busi ... also: civil liberties civil rights civil law :: n. 1) a body of laws and legal concepts which come ... generic term for non-criminal law. claim against a governmental agency :: n. any time one believes he/she has a right to pay ... orter than other types of lawsuits. class action :: n. a lawsuit filed by one or more people on behalf ... ees usually require court approval. clerk :: n. 1) an official or employee who handles the busi ... stocking shelves, or counter sales. commencement of action :: n. an action (a lawsuit) commences (begins officia ... ing a complaint. See also: petition common law :: n. the traditional unwritten law of England, based ... plied without reference to statute. comparative negligence :: n. a rule of law applied in accident cases to dete ... utory negligence damages negligence complaint :: n. the first document filed with the court (actual ... g prayer service of process summons conclusion of law :: n. a judge's final decision on a question of law w ... aw if requested. See also: judgment confession of judgment :: n. a written agreement in which the defendant in a ... rms are fulfilled by the defendant. conflict of law :: n. a situation in which both state and federal law ... y arose. See also: forum preemption constitution :: n. the fundamental, underlying document which esta ... ts common law constitutional rights constitutional rights :: n. rights given or reserved to the people by the U ... e also: Bill of Rights constitution consumer protection laws :: n. almost all states and the federal government ha ... rranty product liability securities controlling law :: n. the laws of the state which will be relied upon ... will be that of a particular state. copyright :: 1) n. the exclusive right of the author or creator ... plagiarism public domain trademark corporation :: n. an organization formed with state governmental ... ation public corporation securities count :: n. each separate statement in a complaint which st ... also: cause of action common counts court :: n. 1) the judge, as in "The court rules in favor o ... cost and wait of full court trials. court-martial :: 1) n. a military court for trying offenses in viol ... the U.S. Court of Military Appeals. cross-complaint :: n. after a complaint has been filed against a defe ... g prayer service of process summons default :: 1) n. failure to respond to a summons and complain ... default judgment notice of default descent :: n. the rules of inheritance established by law in ... on inheritance intestate succession dictum :: n. Latin for "remark," a comment by a judge in a d ... cta)." See also: dicta obiter dicta direct and proximate cause :: n. the immediate reason damage was caused by an ac ... so: cause complaint proximate cause discrimination :: n. unequal treatment of persons, for a reason whic ... qual rights. See also: civil rights dismiss :: v. the ruling by a judge that all or a portion (on ... nst that party. See also: dismissal divorce :: 1) n. the termination of a marriage by legal actio ... y separate property spousal support due process of law :: n. a fundamental principle of fairness in all lega ... procedural and substantive rights. element :: n. 1) an essential requirement to a cause of actio ... of action crime general plan zoning eminent domain :: n. the power of a governmental entity (federal, st ... ngs. See also: condemn condemnation equal opportunity :: 1) n. a right supposedly guaranteed by both federa ... be so. See also: affirmative action equal protection of the law :: n. the right of all persons to have the same acces ... laws." See also: due process of law equity :: n. 1) a venerable group of rights and procedures t ... ry enjoin equitable injunction writ estoppel :: n. a bar or impediment (obstruction) which preclud ... pel equitable estoppel estop laches exclusionary rule :: n. the rule that evidence secured by illegal means ... e poisonous tree motion to suppress fair trade laws :: n. state laws which permit manufacturers or produc ... state constitutions in many states. file :: 1) v. to deposit with the clerk of the court a wri ... rrespondence and notes on the case. finding :: n. the determination of a factual question vital ( ... e case. See also: conclusion of law frivolous :: adj. referring to a legal move in a lawsuit clearl ... ing the courts to resolve disputes. grandfather clause :: n. 1) a clause in a statute or zoning ordinance (p ... Such laws are now unconstitutional. gravamen :: n. Latin for "to weigh down," the basic gist of ev ... o: cause of action charge complaint guest statute :: n. a state law which sets standards of care by the ... sked to be let out. See also: guest habeas corpus :: (hay-bee-us core-puss) n. Latin for "you have the ... nality of a state court conviction. hearsay rule :: n. the basic rule that testimony or documents whic ... interest dying declaration hearsay in haec verba :: (in hike verb-ah)prep. Latin for "in these words," ... ading. See also: complaint pleading incorporate :: v. 1) to obtain an official charter or articles of ... te by reference incorporation stock injunction :: n. a writ (order) issued by a court ordering someo ... t. See also: injunctive relief writ judge :: 1) n. an official with the authority and responsib ... ice justice of the peace magistrate judge advocate :: n. a military officer with legal training who has ... ourt-martial judge advocate general jurisdiction :: n. the authority given by law to a court to try ca ... Superior Court Supreme Court venue jury :: n. one of the remarkable innovations of the Englis ... hallenge sequester venire voir dire justice :: n. 1) fairness. 2) moral rightness. 3) a scheme or ... e appellate courts. See also: court laches :: n. the legal doctrine that a legal right or claim ... , breach of contract, fraud, etc.). last clear chance :: n. a rule of law in determining responsibility for ... contributory negligence negligence law :: n. 1) any system of regulations to govern the cond ... um maritime law natural law statute law book :: n. any of numerous volumes dealing with law, inclu ... : common law law Shepardize statute lawsuit :: n. a common term for a legal action by one person ... See also: case cause of action suit legal advertising :: n. 1) notices of probate sales and other documents ... quality of the lawyers advertising. legal age :: n. the age at which a person is responsible for hi ... so: infancy juvenile court minority liability :: n. one of the most significant words in the field ... bility joint tortfeasors negligence libel :: 1) n. to publish in print (including pictures), wr ... libel per se public figure slander limited partnership :: n. a special type of partnership which is very com ... mited liability partner partnership long-arm statute :: n. law which gives a local state court jurisdictio ... rt jurisdiction over the defendant. mandamus :: (man-dame-us) n. Latin for "we order," a writ (mor ... mandamus. See also: writ of mandate marriage :: n. the joining of a male and female in matrimony b ... of time without legal formalities. misjoinder :: n. the inclusion of parties (plaintiffs or defenda ... ent transactions. See also: joinder mortgage :: n. a document in which the owner pledges his/her/i ... losure notice of default trust deed motion for a new trial :: n. a request made by the loser for the case to be ... hstanding the verdict motion N.O.V. motion for a summary judgment :: n. a written request for a judgment in the moving ... strict procedures. See also: motion motion for dismissal :: (non-suit) n. application by a defendant in a laws ... otion for nonsuit. See also: motion motion to strike :: n. a request for a judge's order to eliminate all ... be unrung." See also: motion strike murder :: n. the killing of a human being by a sane person, ... premeditation second degree murder negligence :: n. failure to exercise the care toward others whic ... gence per se res ipsa loquitur tort no fault insurance :: n: a type of automobile insurance required of car ... ling lawsuits. See also: negligence non-profit corporation :: n. an organization incorporated under state laws a ... harity corporation cy pres doctrine non-suit :: n. a ruling by the judge in a lawsuit either when ... the defendant. See also: dismissal not guilty :: n. 1) plea of a person who claims not to have comm ... t guilty by reason of insanity plea notice :: n. 1) information, usually in writing in all legal ... Thirty-day notice three-day notice nunc pro tunc :: (nuhnk proh tuhnk) adj. Latin for "now for then," ... r actuality of a bigamous marriage. object :: 1) v. to ask the court not to allow a particular q ... he contract..." See also: objection objection :: n. a lawyer's protest about the legal propriety of ... ng question object overrule sustain occupy the field :: v. to preempt (monopolize) an area of statutory la ... ertain topics. See also: preemption open court :: n. the conduct of judicial proceedings (trials, he ... which are usually held in chambers. opinion :: n. the explanation of a court's judgment. When a t ... which the author is not specified. order to show cause :: n. a judge's written mandate that a party appear i ... vernmental agency. See also: O.S.C. overrule :: v. 1) to reject an attorney's objection to a quest ... : appellate court objection sustain peremptory challenge :: n. the right of the plaintiff and the defendant in ... challenge for cause jury voir dire plea :: n. 1) in criminal law, the response by an accused ... raignment plead preliminary hearing pleading :: n. 1) every legal document filed in a lawsuit, pet ... nswer complaint demurrer plea plead preemption :: n. the rule of law that if the federal government ... cs control may parallel each other. presiding judge :: n. 1) in both state and federal appeals court, the ... and chairs meetings of the judges. probate :: 1) n. the process of proving a will is valid and t ... e also: administrator executor will procedure :: n. the methods and mechanics of the legal process. ... cases are tried and judgments made. process :: n. in law, the legal means by which a person is re ... service of process subpena summons question of fact :: n. in a lawsuit or criminal prosecution, an issue ... also: finding judge question of law question of law :: n. an issue arising in a lawsuit or criminal prose ... udge question of fact trier of fact quiet title action :: n. a lawsuit to establish a party's title to real ... opposition. See also: notice title regulations :: n. rules and administrative codes issued by govern ... es usually have similar procedures. Restatement of the Law :: n. a series of detailed statements of the basic la ... tracts, property, torts and trusts. retroactive :: adj. referring to a court's decision or a statute ... ospective." See also: ex post facto rogatory letters :: n. a written request by a judge to a judge in anot ... also: deposition testimony witness sanction :: n. 1) a financial penalty imposed by a judge on a ... ction." See also: contempt of court search and seizure :: n. examination of a person's premises (residence, ... robable cause search search warrant search warrant :: n. a written order by a judge which permits a law ... ble cause search search and seizure sentence :: 1) n. the punishment given to a person convicted o ... ence restitution suspended sentence separate property :: n. in community property states (California, Texas ... pouse. See also: community property separation agreement :: n. an agreement between two married people who hav ... divorce legal separation separation service :: n. 1) paid work by another person, either by contr ... ersonal services service of process service by mail :: n. mailing legal pleadings to opposing attorneys o ... attorney by mail. See also: service service of process :: n. the delivery of copies of legal documents such ... by publication substituted service sheriff :: n. the top law enforcement officer for a county, u ... ." See also: bailiff sheriff's sale shield laws :: n. statutes enacted in some states which declare t ... See also: privileged communication short cause :: n. a lawsuit which is estimated by the parties (us ... l be reset later as a "long cause." sounds in :: adj. referring to the underlying legal basis for a ... ause of action sounds in contract." speaking demurrer :: n. an attempt to introduce evidence during a heari ... the operation." See also: demurrer special circumstances :: n. in criminal cases, particularly homicides, acti ... urant. See also: capital punishment standing :: n. the right to file a lawsuit or file a petition ... so: actual controversy jurisdiction state action :: n. in federal Civil Rights Acts, dating back to 18 ... for damages. See also: civil rights statute :: n. a federal or state written law enacted by the C ... and proclamations are not statutes. statute of limitations :: n. a law which sets the maximum period which one c ... ies. See also: demurrer laches toll strike :: 1) v. to remove a statement from the record of the ... ing the business, factory or store. summary adjudication of issues :: n. a court order ruling that certain factual issue ... is made. See also: summary judgment summary judgment :: n. a court order ruling that no factual issues rem ... tion summary adjudication of issues summons :: n. a document issued by the court at the time a la ... use service service of process writ supremacy clause :: n. Article VI, section 2 of the U.S. Constitution, ... f involving a constitutional issue. toll :: v. 1) to delay, suspend or hold off the effect of ... bridge or take passage on a ferry. trial :: n. the examination of facts and law presided over ... at a hearing held at a later time. unreasonable search and seizure :: n. search of an individual or his/her premises (in ... e probable cause search and seizure venue :: n. 1) the proper or most convenient location for t ... ion. See also: forum non conveniens verification :: n. the declaration under oath or upon penalty of p ... ed. See also: answer complaint oath vexatious litigation :: n. filing a lawsuit with the knowledge that it has ... lous malicious prosecution sanction voir dire :: (vwahr [with a near-silent "r"] deer) n. from Fren ... t witness jury peremptory challenge will :: n. a written document which leaves the estate of t ... will and testament probate testator Popular Law Searcheslegal definition ministerial act :: n. an act, particularly of a governmental employee ... exercising any individual judgment.chancery legal definition :: n. a court that can order acts performed. Today ch ... ts in most states. See also: equity testamentary disposition legal definition :: n. how the terms of a will divide the testator's ( ... named beneficiaries. See also: will contract of sufferance :: n. a "hold-over" tenancy after a lease has expired ... y tenancy at will unlawful detainer forthwith legal definition :: adv. a term found in contracts, court orders and s ... mediacy, with no excuses for delay. forthwith definition legal :: adv. a term found in contracts, court orders and s ... mediacy, with no excuses for delay. what is to wit in a legal contract :: prep. that is to say. Example: "the passengers in ... tty Bumgartner and Sherry Younger." mirror wills legal definition :: n. the wills of a husband and wife which are ident ... d each names the other as executor. clean hands doctrine latin :: n. a rule of law that a person coming to court wit ... ices. See also: affirmative defense sine qua non only relates to contract law :: (see-nay kwah nahn) prep. Latin for "without which ... qua non of the injury to Playmate. Other Law Terms - DD.A. :: n. slang for District Attorney. ... n. slang for District Attorney.d.b.a. :: n. short for "doing business as," when a person or ... that is registered with the state. D.U.I. :: n. short for driving under the influence of alcoho ... ing under the influence of alcohol. D.W.I. :: n. 1) short for driving while intoxicated. 2) abbr ... for dying without issue (children). damages :: n. the amount of money which a plaintiff (the pers ... liquidated damages special damages dangerous :: adj. unsafe, hazardous, fraught with risk. It can ... eapon's range. See also: negligence dangerous weapon :: n. any gun, knife, sword, crossbow, slingshot or o ... igence and possibly win a judgment. date rape :: n. forcible sexual intercourse by a male acquainta ... physical resistance. See also: rape day in court :: n. popular term for everyone's opportunity to brin ... rt to protest his speeding ticket." de facto :: adj. Latin for "in fact." Often used in place of " ... ave not been met. See also: de jure de facto corporation :: n. a company which operates as if it were a corpor ... also: de facto de jure ultra vires de jure :: adj. Latin for "lawful," as distinguished from de ... also: de facto de jure corporation de jure corporation :: n. a corporation in good standing under the law, a ... also: de facto corporation de jure de minimis :: adj. (dee-minnie-miss) Latin for "of minimum impor ... deal, a $10 mistake is de minimis. de novo :: adj. Latin for "anew," which means starting over, ... n, de novo. See also: trial de novo deadly weapon :: n. any weapon which can kill. This includes not on ... See also: assault dangerous weapon dealer :: n. anyone who buys goods or property for the purpo ... ins taxes by buying other property. death penalty :: n. the sentence of execution for murder and some o ... rder and some other capital crimes. death row :: n. nickname for that portion of a prison in which ... o: capital punishment death penalty debenture :: n. a form of bond certificate issued by a corporat ... n shares of stock or general bonds. |